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PART 1

換電市場面臨的問題?

圖片來源：北汽新能源官網(wǎng)

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由于國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(ISO)推出了電動汽車的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，換電市場是全新的領(lǐng)域，目前面臨的主要問題有：

• 互換性：制造商必須確保電池組是可互換的。
• 便利性：電池拆卸過程無需人工幫助。
• 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施：它需要比充電站更多的投資；必須保證儲存的電池快速充電；而且必須有儲備庫存，以防需求突然增加。
• 電池退化：電池持續(xù)充電可能會降低車主電池的質(zhì)量。
• 電池所有權(quán)：由于人們根據(jù)自己的喜好和對該品牌的信任從不同的公司購買產(chǎn)品/車輛，電池交換技術(shù)可能面臨重大挑戰(zhàn)，因為人們必須購買并補(bǔ)充電池或使用原裝電池進(jìn)行交換。

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PART 2

?換電市場的合作與共贏?

圖片來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)

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2021年，荷蘭殼牌集團(tuán)(Shell)和中國電動汽車公司蔚來汽車(Nio)簽署合作協(xié)議，雙方將共同推進(jìn)充換電設(shè)施的建設(shè)與運營。換電站方面，在中國，雙方到2025年共建100座換電站；在歐洲，雙方計劃從2022年開始進(jìn)行換電站的建設(shè)、運營試點工作。充電設(shè)施方面，殼牌歐洲充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)將向蔚來用戶開放。殼牌集團(tuán)與蔚來汽車還在就電池資產(chǎn)公司合作、車隊管理、會員體系、家庭充電樁服務(wù)等方面進(jìn)行積極討論，未來一定也會逐步合作布局。

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2024年1月28日，寧德時代和滴滴同時宣布，雙方已于1月26日成立換電合資公司。換電合資公司將依托雙方的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢和運營能力強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)合，從網(wǎng)約車場景切入，為眾多新能源車輛提供高效換電服務(wù)。此次合作是雙方在公共補(bǔ)能領(lǐng)域的重要戰(zhàn)略布局，雙方將引領(lǐng)行業(yè)服務(wù)和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提升資源利用率及社會運營效率。除成立換電合資公司之外，寧德時代還與滴滴旗下小桔能源形成戰(zhàn)略合作意向，將推動在儲充一體等更廣泛新能源領(lǐng)域的合作。

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PART 3

?換電市場的未來發(fā)展

2023年以來歐洲電動汽車換電市場有一定的增長預(yù)期，其中電動汽車制造商是換電站增加的主要驅(qū)動力。在中國，換電模式正獲得行業(yè)政策的持續(xù)認(rèn)可，2023年12月召開的全國工業(yè)和信息化工作會議上，工信部再度明確表示支持新能源汽車換電模式發(fā)展。同月，在工信部、財政部、稅務(wù)總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《關(guān)于調(diào)整減免車輛購置稅新能源汽車產(chǎn)品技術(shù)要求的公告》中，明確了換電模式車型相關(guān)要求。工信部裝備工業(yè)一司負(fù)責(zé)人解讀稱，換電模式在降低購車成本、消除里程焦慮、提升安全水平方面有一定優(yōu)勢，此舉系為支持換電模式創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。

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ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY SWAPPING

Battery Swapping is the process of replacing a discharged battery with a charged battery and placing it in a mother component (vehicle or bike), while keeping the discharged battery in a charging platform/station. This aids in the super-fast charging of batteries. This removes the range barrier for electric vehicles, allowing for the standardisation and interchangeability of batteries from multiple companies. The main issue with the entire setup is that if the battery dimensions differ from company to company, the technology may prove ineffective. To address this issue, the manufacturer must ensure that their battery, as well as other batteries, can perform their functions in the respective vehicles. The advantage of swapping technology is that instead of waiting for the battery's charging time to return to the destination, the owner can simply swap the battery with another fully charged battery within minutes and continue the journey.

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Electric vehicle battery swapping market

The market for swapping technology is new, as ISO has introduced standards for electric vehicles. The problems with battery swapping technology include:

• Interchangeability: The manufacturer must ensure that the battery pack is interchangeable.
• Convenience: It can be removed without assistance.
• Infrastructure: It requires more investment than a charging station; it must ensure that the stored batteries charge quickly; and a reserve stock must be kept in case of a sudden increase in demand.
• Battery degradation: Continuous battery charging may degrade the quality of the owner's battery.
• Battery Ownership: Because people buy products/vehicles from different companies based on their preferences and trust in that brand, battery swapping technology may face significant challenges because the person must purchase and supplement the battery or use the original to swap.

A new partnership

Shell and Chinese electric vehicle company Nio have formed a joint venture to expand the number of charging and battery switching stations in China and Europe. The partnership will include a network of co-branded battery switching stations, starting with two trial locations in China. Shell and Nio intend to open one hundred sites in China. The two companies plan to "explore" potential locations for experimental battery swapping sites in Europe before expanding beyond that. Nio drivers will also have access to Shell's European charging network.?

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文章來源：Rematec News 及網(wǎng)絡(luò)

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2024年亞洲再制造展覽會Rematec Asia將于8月28-30日在廣州保利世貿(mào)博覽館舉辦，展會將重點關(guān)注電動汽車電池及零部件回收及再制造領(lǐng)域，為全球再制造企業(yè)提供經(jīng)驗技術(shù)交流的平臺，歡迎屆時蒞臨！